Reishi

Ganoderma lucidum

Si tratta di un fungo di consistenza e gusto legnosi, molto coriaceo dalla carne amara, quindi Ë considerato un fungo non commestibile e viene utilizzato solo per scopi medici, preparato sia come decotto sia come estratto mediante estrazione acquosa, alcolica, glicerina, ecc.

I principali componenti attivi dell´estratto

È composto da più di cento polisaccaridi (arabinogalattani, ganoderani), proteoglicani e lectine ad azione potenziante e regolatrice del sistema immunitario, e anche da un centinaio di triterpeni (acidi ganoderici e lucidenici) solubili in alcool, che gli conferiscono la sua particolare amarezza.

Inoltre contiene:

• steroli (ganodosteroni) precursori di ormoni
• adenosina
• guanosina
• vitamine del gruppo B
• sostanze ad attività antistaminica

Azione terapeutica secondo la Medicina Tradizionale Cinese (MTC)

Sia in Cina sia in Giappone è considerato da molti secoli come il “fungo dell´ immortalità”, utilizzato per combattere la senilità e la convalescenza prolungata a causa di una malattia o un intervento chirurgico.

In MTC è impiegato per stimolare il sistema immunitario e la funzionalità del fegato e per combattere i problemi cardiovascolari.

La capacità del Reishi di potenziare lo Jing-Qi (energia ancestrale) e mobilitare il Qi, serve ad eliminare situazioni di stallo (blocchi energetici), causa di problemi come l´artrite, la bronchite, l´asma, la nevrastenia, l´insonnia e le malattie cardiache.

Riferimenti

1. Gao Y, Zhou S, Jiang W, Huang M, Dai X. Effects of ganopoly (a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract) on the immune functions in advanced-stage cancer patients. Immunol Invest. 2003 Aug;32(3):201-15.
2. Li EK, Tam LS, Wong CK, Li WC, Lam CWK, Wachtel-Galor S, Benzie IFF, Bao YX, Leung PC, Tomlinson B. Safety and Efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) and San Miao San Supplementation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial. Arthritis & Rheumatism (Arthritis Care & Research) Vol. 57, No. 7, October 15, 2007, pp 1143–1150.
3. Wang J1, Yuan Y2, Yue T2. Immunostimulatory activities of β-d-glucan from Ganoderma Lucidum. Carbohydr Polym. 2014 Feb 15;102:47-54.
4. Chang YH, Yang JS, Yang JL, Wu CL, Chang SJ, Lu KW, Lin JJ, Hsia TC, Lin YT, Ho CC, Wood WG, Chung JG. Ganoderma lucidum extracts inhibited leukemia WEHI-3 cells in BALB/c mice and promoted an immune response in vivo. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2009 Dec;73(12):2589-94.
5. Gao Y, Tang W, Dai X, Gao H, Chen G, Ye J, Chan E, Koh HL, Li X, Zhou S. Effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the immune functions of patients with advanced lung cancer. J Med Food. 2005 Summer;8(2):159-68.
6. Li YQ1, Wang SF. Anti-hepatitis B activities of ganoderic acid from Ganoderma lucidum. Biotechnol Lett. 2006 Jun;28(11):837-41. Epub 2006 May 31.
7. El-Mekkawy, S., Mesellhy, M.R., Nakamura, N., Tesuka, Y., Hattori, M., Kakiuchi, N., Shimotohno, K., Kawahata, T., and Otake, T., Anti-HIV and anti-HIV-protease substances from Ganoderma lucidum, Phytochemistry, 49, 1651–1657, 1998.
8. Gao Y, Chen G, Dai X, Ye J, Zhou S. A Phase I/II Study of Ling Zhi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Int J of Med Mushrooms Volume 6, 2004 Issue 4.
9. Su, C.Y., Shiao, M.S., and Wang, C.T., Predominant inhibition of ganodermic acid S on the thromboxane A2-dependent pathway in human platelets response to collagen, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1437, 223–234, 1999.
10. Chu TT, Benzie IF, Lam CW, Fok BS, Lee KK, Tomlinson B. Study of potential cardioprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi): results of a controlled human intervention trial. Br J Nutr. 2012 Apr;107(7):1017-27.
11. Anjum F, Razvi N, Yasin H, Ahmad A, Sherwani MK, Khan NR, Arshad S. Causes of migraine in Karachiites and its treatment from mushrooms. Int J Pharm 2012; 2(4): 706-711.
12. Cui XY, Cui SY, Zhang J, Wang ZJ, Yu B, Sheng ZF, Zhang XQ, Zhang YH. Extract of Ganoderma lucidum prolongs sleep time in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;139(3):796-800.
13. Matsuzaki H et al., (2013) Antidepressant-like effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine  13, 370.
14. Nguyen VT et al., (2015) Cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects of lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry Letters 12, 69-74.
15. Liu YW et al., (2009) Evaluation of antiproliferative activities and action mechanisms of extracts from two species of Ganoderma on tumor cell lines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, 3087-3093.
16. Raj PV et al., (2015) Anti-proliferative effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and triterpenoid fractions against cancer cells. Manipal Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1, 32.
17. Akihisa T et al. (2007) Anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor-promoting effects of triterpene acids and sterols from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Chemistry & Biodiversity 4, 224-231.
18. Kao CHJ et al., (2013) Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 3, 48-65.
19. Müller  CI et al., (2006) Ganoderma lucidum causes apoptosis in leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells. Leukemia Research 30, 841-848.
20. Hsieh TC et al., (2013) Regulation of cell cycle transition and induction of apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells by the combination of Coriolus versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32, 251-257.
21. Weng CJ et al.,  (2010) The in vitro and in vivo experimental evidences disclose the chemopreventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cancer invasion and metastasis. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 27, 361-369.